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A Marian devotion in Christianity is directed to the person of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The term "devotions" is commonly understood to refer to those external practices of piety by which the faith of an individual finds expression.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Popular Devotions )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Directory on popular piety and the liturgy. Principles and guidelines )〕 Such prayers or acts may be accompanied by specific requests for Mary's intercession with God.〔''Christ, the Ideal of the Priest'' by Abbot Columba Marmion 2006 ISBN 0-85244-657-8 page 332〕〔Ann Ball, 2003 ''Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices'' ISBN 0-87973-910-X page 168〕〔Burke, Raymond L.; et al. (2008). Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, Seminarians, and Consecrated Persons ISBN 978-1-57918-355-4 pages 667-679〕 There are many Marian devotions, ranging from multi-day prayers such as the recitation of novena prayers, the celebration of Canonical coronations granted by the Pope, the veneration of icons in Eastern Christianity, and subtle pious acts which do not involve prayers, such as the wearing of scapulars or maintaining a Mary garden.〔''Ann Ball, 2003 Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices'' ISBN 0-87973-910-X page 341〕〔 Devotion to the Virgin Mary does not, however, amount to worship - which is reserved for God; e.g., both Catholics and the Eastern Orthodox view Mary as subordinate to Christ, but uniquely so, in that she is seen as above all other creatures. In 787 the Second Council of Nicaea affirmed a three-level hierarchy of ''latria'', ''hyperdulia'' and ''dulia'' that applies to God, the Virgin Mary and then to the other saints.〔''The History of the Christian Church'' by Philip Smith 2009 ISBN 1-150-72245-2 page 288〕〔''Miravalle, Mark. Introduction to Mary'’. 1993 ISBN 978-1-882972-06-7 pages 92–93〕〔''The Orthodox Church'' by Serge? Nikolaevich Bulgakov 1997 ISBN 0-88141-051-9 page 116〕〔Trigilio, John and Brighenti, Kenneth ''The Catholicism Answer Book'' 2007 ISBN 1-4022-0806-5 page 58〕 Marian devotions are important to the Roman Catholic, Orthodox and Anglican traditions, but most Protestant views on Mary do not accept them, because such devotions are not recorded or promoted in the Bible. They believe this devotion may distract attention from Christ.〔Hillerbrand, Hans Joachim, 2003. ''Encyclopedia of Protestantism, Volume 3'' ISBN 0-415-92472-3 page 1174〕 There is significant diversity of form and structure in Marian devotions practiced by different groups of Christians. Orthodox Marian devotions are well-defined and closely linked to liturgy, while Roman Catholic practices are wide-ranging and may include non-dogmatic beliefs such as the association of Marian devotions with predestination.〔 ==Anglicanism== There is no single church with universal authority within the Anglican Communion; different types of Marian devotions are practiced by various groups of Anglicans with varying degrees of emphasis.〔Milton, Anthony ''Catholic and Reformed'' 2002 ISBN 0-521-89329-1 page 5〕 Within the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement, devotions to the Virgin Mary have more emphasis within High Church and Broad Church parishes than others. The emphasis placed on Mary and Marian devotions changed over the history of Anglicanism. In the 16th century, following the independence of the Church of England from Rome and strife between them, a movement away from Marian themes took place; by 1552 mentions of Mary had been reduced to only two or three times a day in the Book of Common Prayer and the Marian feasts of the Annunciation and the Purification had been retained. However, in the 17th century, there was a gradual return to Marianism and by 1662 there were five Marian feasts.〔''Mary for Time and Eternity'' by William McLoughlin, Jill Pinnock 2007 ISBN 0-85244-651-9 pages 4-7〕 British devotion to the Virgin Mary has often been expressed in poetry, Marian hymns, and Carols, e.g., in the 17th-century poems of John Donne and George Herbert, or in the 18th-century works of Thomas Ken such as ''Saint Mary the Virgin''.〔''The thousand faces of the Virgin Mary'' by George Henry Tavard 1996 ISBN 0-8146-5914-4 pages 153-161〕〔''Christian year: or, Hymns and poems for the holy days'' by Thomas Ken 1868, Basil Montag Pickering Press, London, pages 334-335 ()〕 Anglican devotion for the Virgin Mary was revived during the 19th century Oxford Movement of Anglo-Catholicism and by the activities of prominent figures such as John Henry Newman who had strong Marian devotions.〔''Mary: the Virgin Mary in the life and writings of John Henry Newman'' by John Henry Newman 2001 ISBN 0-85244-529-6 pages 15-18〕 British theologians such as Father Frederick Faber (who composed several hymns to Mary) took an enthusiastic approach to the promotion of Marian devotions towards the end of the 19th century.〔''The Blessed Virgin Mary in England'' by Brother Anthony Josemaria 2008 ISBN 0-595-50074-9 pages 173-175〕 In the liturgical renewal of the 20th century, Mary gained new prominence, and in most Anglican prayer books she is mentioned by name in the Eucharistic prayers.〔''Mary: grace and hope in Christ: the Seattle statement of the Anglican-Roman Catholics" by the Anglican/Roman Catholic International Group 2006 ISBN 0-8264-8155-8 page52〕 The gradual increase in Marian devotions among Anglicans has also been manifested within the higher levels of the clergy in the Anglican Communion. For instance Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams (who made a 2008 pilgrimage to Our Lady of Lourdes) wrote a book on how to pray with the icons of the Virgin Mary.〔McNally, Terrence, ''What Every Catholic Should Know about Mary'' ISBN 1-4415-1051-6 page 169〕〔Williams, Rowan, 2002 ''Ponder these things: praying with icons of the Virgin'' ISBN 1-85311-362-X page 7〕〔 Anglican devotions to Mary include the Anglican Rosary (similar to the Catholic rosary), votive candles, and pilgrimages to Walsingham and Lourdes. Some Anglicans and Anglo-Catholics also pray the rosary itself.〔''The Rosary for Episcopalians/Anglicans'' by Thomas Schultz 2003 ISBN 1-58790-055-6〕〔''Mary: The Imagination of Her Heart'' by Penelope Duckworth 2004 ISBN 1-56101-260-2 page 118〕〔''Cathedrals'' by Robin S. Oggins 2000 ISBN 0-281-05349-9 page 43〕 For centuries, Our Lady of Walsingham has been a centerpiece in the Anglican devotions to the Virgin Mary and its feast is celebrated on October 15, as well as a Catholic feast on September 24.〔''Every Pilgrim's Guide to Walsingham'' by Elizabeth Obbard 2007 ISBN 1-85311-808-7 pages 17 and 22〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Introduction )〕〔(Catholic Walsingham shrine )〕 Also common in Anglican cathedrals, Anglo-Catholic parishes, and certain Anglican shrines are chapels or side altars dedicated to the Virgin Mary called Lady chapels.〔''Mary: The Imagination of Her Heart'' by Penelope Duckworth 2004 ISBN 1-56101-260-2 pages 125-126〕 Discussions between Roman Catholics and Anglicans within frameworks such as the Anglican—Roman Catholic International Commission, and with the 2005 publication of the (non-binding) joint statement: ''Mary: grace and hope in Christ'', have started a movement towards closer agreement of Mary and Marian devotions between Catholics and Anglicans.〔Schroedel, Jenny ''The Everything Mary Book'', 2006 ISBN 1-59337-713-4 pages 81–85〕〔''Mary: grace and hope in Christ: the Seattle statement of the Anglican-Roman Catholics" by the Anglican/Roman Catholic International Group 2006 ISBN 0-8264-8155-8 pages 7–10〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marian devotions」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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